Apple Watch VO2max: accuracy, levels and how to raise it
Apple Watch shows your VO2max as Cardio Fitness. Where to find it, what the four levels mean, how accurate it is and why it can read low.
VO2max
What VO2max is, how it is measured and what moves it.
Cardio fitness score explained: Fitbit, Oura, WHOOP and more
Cardio fitness score is a wearable's VO2max estimate. How Fitbit, Oura, WHOOP, Apple, Garmin and Polar calculate and label it, plus scores by age.
Garmin VO2max explained: colours, accuracy, fitness age
What your Garmin VO2max number and colour mean, where to find it, how accurate it is, why it drops and how fitness age is worked out.
VO2max test: cost, what to expect and how to prepare
Where to get a VO2max test, what it costs, how to prepare, what happens on the treadmill minute by minute, what the report shows and home alternatives.
VO2max vs lactate threshold, FTP, HRV and max heart rate
VO2max vs lactate threshold, FTP, VO2peak, HRV, max heart rate, anaerobic capacity and SpO2: what each measures, how to test it and how to train it.
How accurate is your watch's VO2max estimate?
Watches estimate VO2max from heart rate and pace. Here is what validation studies show, why your number jumps around, and how to get a more reliable reading.
VO2max norms by age and sex: what is a good VO2max?
What counts as a good VO2max for your age and sex, where the norms come from, and how to read percentiles without fooling yourself.
VO2max tests explained: lab, field, heart-rate and watch methods
Every common way to measure or estimate VO2max — lab CPET, the Cooper test, the 1.5-mile run, the Rockport walk, the heart-rate ratio, race times and watches.
What is VO2max? A plain-language guide
VO2max explained simply — what it measures, why it matters for performance and health, how it is tested in a lab and estimated by watches, and what changes it.
Why your VO2max drops when you gain weight (and rises when you lose it)
VO2max is expressed per kilogram, so a few kilos move the number and the effort of every run. Here is the maths, and what it means for training and racing.